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What is a plasmid?

What is a plasmid? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (cytology) A loop of double-stranded DNA that is separate from and replicates independently of the chromosomes, most commonly found in bacteria, but also in archaeans and eukaryotic cells, and used in genetic engineering as a vector for gene transfer.
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Examples
The distribution of 2 plasmid DNA topoisomers was measured by Southern blot analysis with a radiolabeled 2 DNA probe.
Consequently, the conjugational activity can be low when most cells carry the plasmid but increase greatly in response to plasmid-free cells.
For each transformation, the plasmid inserts from 7 to 18 colonies were sequenced.
Thus we were able to clone the DNA sequence that flanked the transposon insertion using plasmid rescue.
Strains were transformed with a control centromeric plasmid or a centromeric plasmid carrying the wild-type GUK1 gene.
The same can also be expressed intracellularly when introduced through plasmid or viral vectors.

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