How to use notochord in a sentence

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Sentence Examples They all have, at some embryonic stage, a notochord, flanked by muscle, and a dorsal neural tube. Moreover, these ectopic neural tubes were patterned appropriately with respect to the notochord and dorsal ectoderm. In those chordates which lack bone, muscles work against the notochord to move the animal. A similar pair of parachordal cartilages develop posteriorly from mesoderm, flanking the notochord. The neural arches developed around the dorsal nerve cord, above the notochord. The intervertebral discs develop embryologically from both the mesenchyme and the notochord. They lack two others, the notochord and post-anal tail, hence the name hemichordate. This is the architecture that supports and is supported by the vertebrate axis, namely the notochord or vertebral column. Myogenesis in the paraxial muscles is dependent on contact with the neural tube and notochord, while limb and abdominal muscles are not. This takes the vertebrate embryo up to the stage at which it has become recognizably vertebrate, with somites, notochord, and neural tube. The notochord is a stiff, rod-like structure that forms along the dorsal midline and eventually becomes incorporated into the vertebrae. First was the relatively simple activation of motoneuron fates by sonic hedgehog from the notochord and floorplate and retinoic acid from the paraxial mesoderm. For example, the notochord, nerve cord, and most of the tail are generally resorbed within one day. During gastrulation the material of the notochord comes to lie middorsally in the roof of the archenteron. Cephalochordates and vertebrates have a hollow, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a notochord. The fin rays radiate from the tip of the notochord, like in the coelacanth. Backboned animals, too, have a notochord when they are embryos, though it disappears during development. The project is looking at whether the notochord cells play a central protective role in maintaining disc function. Some animal species do not get DDD and in those species, the notochord cells, specialized cells found in discs, are preserved. The presumptive neural tube tissues consist of a layer of ectoderm along the dorsal midline of the embryo, between the notochord and an outer layer of epidermis. Show More Sentences But in coelacanths, lungfishes and some primitive sharks, the transformation of notochord into a segmented bony vertebral column does not take place. Notably, the oldest known Early Cambrian chordate Yunnanozoon had its metameric muscular units located dorsally of the notochord, although its body was laterally compressed. While the notochord and somites are developing, the neural plate ectoderm above them begins to develop into the neural tube and the embryo is then called a neurula. However, even the notochord would be a less fundamental criterion than aspects of embryological development and symmetry or perhaps bauplan. The lower tube surrounds the notochord, and has a complex structure, often including multiple layers of calcification. During the fourth week of embryogenesis, the sclerotomes shift their position to surround the spinal cord and the notochord. Such a scenario would also explain why the lancelet amphioxus, a 'primitive' chordate, has a notochord with both cartilage and muscle. Pikaia has myotomes and what looks like a notochord, indicating that it is a chordate, but only its shape suggests that it is a lancelet rather than a fish. After the appearance of the primitive streak, the formation of the nervous system and the notochord begins and the bodily organs of the fetus start to take shape. They found that the cells form a muscle that runs along the animal's midline, precisely where the notochord would be if the worm were a chordate. With the formation of the vertebral column, the notochord is incorporated into the column as the centres of the intervertebral discs, called the nuclei pulposi, which cushion the vertebrae. In reptiles, egg-laying mammals, and some birds, a pocket-like depression occurs in the epiblast but encompasses only chordamesoderm or even only the notochord. Characteristic of chordates is the development of the nervous system from a part of ectoderm lying originally on the dorsal side of the embryo, above the notochord and the somites. The material of the notochord then rounds off and becomes a rod-shaped strand of cells immediately under the dorsal ectoderm, stretching from the blastopore toward the anterior end of the embryo, to the midbrain level. However, a few vertebrates have secondarily lost this anatomy, retaining the notochord into adulthood, such as the sturgeon and coelacanth. Characteristics that are compared may be anatomical, such as the presence of a notochord, or molecular, by comparing sequences of DNA or protein. Rather than having acquired the muscle independently, amphioxus could be a living record of the transition from muscle-based midline to cartilaginous notochord. Examples from Classical Literature In Birds the cellular tube formed round the notochord is far thicker than in the Reptilia. In the intervertebral regions the cartilage becomes thickened, as in Amphibia, and gradually constricts the notochord. In Amphioxus the notochord is immediately surrounded by a structureless cuticular layer, the chordal sheath. The notochord remains permanently unconstricted and is enclosed in a chordal sheath, external to which is the skeletogenous layer. The notochord is enclosed in a thick sheath of connective tissue continuous with a thinner sheath round the nerve cord. The notochord has become invested by a condensed mesoblastic tissue, which will give rise to the vertebral column. The investing mass of the head and of the notochord is the skeleton of the occipital bone. Nevertheless, traces of the notochord persist in the back-bone of these fishes. The notochord is continued forwards in the head to the hinder border of the infundibulum. It terminates blindly at the very spot where the infundibular tube terminates blindly and the notochord ends. The notochord is persistent and unconstricted, and the limbs are archipterygia. At first the myotome is confined to the dorsal region on each side of the spinal cord and notochord. The vertebrae are amphicoelous or sometimes nearly flat, and the notochord sometimes persists to some extent. They form the rudiment of the notochord, which, as in amphioxus, is derived from the dorsal wall of the archenteron. Dohrn assumed also that the primitive annelid ancestor must have possessed a notochord to give support in swimming. In the tail the notochord is shewn at ch, the muscles at m, and the solid remnant of the ventral wall of the archenteron at dd. In ontogeny the notochord is a derivative of the dorsal wall of the archenteron. The continuous plate, formed by them and the notochord, is known as the basilar plate. Owing to the beaded structure of the notochord the vertebral bodies take of necessity a biconcave hourglass-shaped form. In the embryo of the bony fish a similar notochord precedes the segmentation and ossification of the vertebral column. Show More Sentences This is the remaining substance of the notochord, which finds room between the cup-shaped sides of the centra. Biconcave cartilaginous vertebrae are developed, and as is the case in most fishes, constrict the notochord vertebrally. Moreover, this rod was unsegmented, for the notochord is devoid of segmentation. One of the most interesting features in the elasmobranch development is the formation of the notochord from the hypoblast. The endoskeleton, excluding the notochord, is entirely cartilaginous or membranous. The notochord is unconstricted, but the neural and haemal arches are well-developed, and the neural spines are long and slender. The notochord is persistent and unconstricted, its sheath is membranous, but cartilaginous neural and haemal arches are developed. Rudiments of the intervertebral portions of the notochord may long be detected in the ligamenta suspensoria. The inner sheath of the notochord is puckered longitudinally in the intervertebral regions. Readily recognisable remains of the notochord are still found at each end of the intervertebral constriction. The unconstricted portion of the notochord, which persists in each vertebra, becomes in part converted into cartilage. The notochord in living forms is unsegmented, but segmented cartilaginous neural arches are present in some cases. The ultimate changes of the notochord and urostyle vary very considerably in the different types of Teleostei. The urostyle is the name given to a modified bony structure, originally the end of the notochord, turned upward in most fishes. The notochord is an elastic rod extending along the whole length of the body past the anterior end of the nerve cord. Ridge of hypoblast, which will become separated off as the notochord. The skeleton is completely ossified and the notochord removed. No fresh features of interest are to be seen in the notochord. They have no backbone in the strict sense, but they have this notochord. Find more words! 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What is the adjective for notochord? What is the noun for notochord? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words not nice not new not needed not necessary not necessarily not much not often not okay not only not only that notorieties notoriety 9-letter Words Starting With n no not noto notoc notoch notocho notochor