| Workers will accept this wage if it at least offsets the marginal disutility of work. |
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| This could be represented by, for example, an increasing marginal disutility of travel time. |
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| The approach recognizes a number of components of opportunity cost and relative disutility. |
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| This is assumed to be less than the path CP, because in WP he has to work and suffer from the disutility of labour. |
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| The degree of compliance with the speed limit results from drivers' appraisals of both the utility and the disutility of non-compliance. |
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| We assume that E considers labour as causing disutility for which he is compensated by an adequate wage. |
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| The disutility of non-compliance relates to the fear of being penalised, fuel consumption, accident risk, vehicle deterioration and pollution. |
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| To account for this, an objective of minimization of the disutility to passengers is also included. |
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| Lastly, the marginal disutility of losses is greater than the marginal utility of variations of the same magnitude in gains. |
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| A higher disutility of labour therefore leads to steeper indifference curves and vice versa. |
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| He then considers realistic cases in which means are not free gifts of nature and so the utility of goods must be balanced by the disutility of effort. |
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| Beyond some point, the disutility of additional work surely offsets the value, both internal and external, of this work, even in the idealized felicific calculus. |
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| This is where the marginal disutility of an additional unit of work equals the marginal utility of the income created by this additional unit of work. |
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| The higher the disutility that each additional unit of labour inflicts upon E, the more income he must get in order for his utility level to remain unchanged. |
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| Following this line of reasoning, the benefit of the 2,000 hours that most of us work a year is equal to our earnings per hour minus the disutility of work. |
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| E is therefore prepared to work until the marginal utility of the income generated by the last unit of labour is equal to the marginal disutility of that unit of labour. |
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| Manifestations are the unwillingness of knowing subjects to draw any such boundaries, the cognitive impossibility of identifying such boundaries, and the needlessness and even disutility of such boundaries. |
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| Under efficient bargaining, hours worked are independent of the wage, while the real marginal cost depends on the marginal disutility of worked hours and the marginal utility of consumption. |
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| Consumers face a disutility from purchasing an imperfectly matching insurance product. |
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| In other words, the sole justification for continuing the talks, according to Khamenehi, is that they prove the disutility of talking to the United States. |
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| This model provides a possible explanation for what motivates corporate payout smoothing, but we do not directly explore the sources of this disutility imposed on the manager. |
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